Family Members an Anxiety Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 884 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/27 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? Living with a family member who has an anxiety disorder can be a challenge in itself. Many times, family members will focus all their support to the adolescent with the disorder and consequently neglecting other members of the household, leading to resentment or feelings of rejection. Often parents will develop a sense of guilt or blame themselves, and wonder if they had a part to play in the development of the disorder. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Family Members an Anxiety Disorder" essay for you Create order Research suggests that family boundaries are reevaluated when a family member is struggling with an anxiety disorder (Dikec, Ergun Gumus, 2018). For example, an adolescent with severe panic attacks is unlikely to care for themselves and other family members may in turn accumulate additional responsibilities in the home. When the change in responsibilities occur in an unnegotiated manner, this can cause strain in the form of stress, tension and further resentment (Dikec, Ergun Gumus, 2018). There are two common approaches families take to help cope when their adolescent develops anxiety: the overbearing, intrusive parent or the uninvolved, get over it parent. Very rarely does a supportive and empathetic family who is supportive of treatment come along. The majority of the time, families who are open to treatment usually identify as White American; they will seek treatment and expect the therapist to fix their child. These families are cooperative yet not involved in treatment. Contrary to the overbearing family, the get over it family, commonly linked to Hispanic Americans and African Americans, rejects the idea that the adolescent has developed the disorder and acknowledges the symptoms as a phase (Bettis et al., 2018). Evidence-Based Intervention There are numerous Evidenced-Based Interventions such as Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT), acceptance commitment therapy (ACT), and exposure therapy that help reduce symptoms of anxiety disorders. However, research has demonstrated that despite the newly integrated evidenced based practices, individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), has proven to be one of the most effective treatments not only in treating the symptoms but addressing the underlying reasons for the excessive fears (Sheets et al., 2013). Cognitive Behavioral Theory suggests that our cognition (how we think) affects how we feel and in turn affecting our behavior which then impacts our thoughts, creating a never-ending cycle if left unaddressed. The psycho-social intervention aims at addressing all three components to reduce the maladaptive behaviors the youth have engaged in to reduce their thoughts. CBT is individually tailored to the adolescents needs and can be utilized across cultures (Alegria, Atkins, Fa rmer, Slaton, Stelk, 2010). The long-established therapeutic approach is the most widely used treatment for individuals with anxiety disorders (Thompson, May, Whiting, 2013). Challenging cognitive distortions is CBTs key component in reducing maladaptive behaviors. The name itself suggest two vital elements: cognitive, which focuses on how negative thoughts induce anxiety, and behavioral which focuses on the behavior the youth engages in when in an anxious situation. Family upbringing, attitudes, individual expectations and beliefs all influence thoughts thus the same situation can lead to completely different cognitive distortions in different people. The main objective of CBT is to recognize thought distortions and challenge them, ultimately replacing them with accurate thoughts. This process is also known as cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring involves three key steps. The first step is to identify the pattern of negative thoughts. Once the negative thoughts are identified, the second step requires challenging the distortions by questioning the evidence which involves past experiences and weighing the pros and cons. Lastly, once the irrational thoughts are challenged the final step is to replace them with accurate and realistic thoughts. By changing the thought process, we can change the negative emotions associated with those thoughts and eventually reducing the avoidance behaviors (Young, et al, 2012). Although cognitive restructuring is a critical component, CBT improved emotional regulation by implementing mindfulness techniques and developing coping strategies that target anxious symptoms (Young et al., 2012). CBTs strengths lie within the therapeutic approachs ability to be researched and measured for effectiveness. Despite its structured sessions, its flexibility in approach allows for the evidenced based practice to be implemented across different cultures, races, ethnicities, social classes and identified gender. Its limitations focus on whether the negative thoughts are a result of the anxiety rather than the cause (Wong et al., 2018). Aside from the cause, the CBT approach is narrow minded as it concentrates on cognition and ignores other factors such as family influence (Wong et al., 2018). There are over four decades of research that provide support for the effectiveness of CBT among adolescent youth struggling with anxiety (Cohen, Mannarino, Deblinger, 2012). The extensive clinical studies all conclude that the integrative technique is the gold standard of treatment for mental health disorders. Meta-analysis conclude that CBT interventions have the lowest relapse rates of any psychological treatment. Even the new evidenced-based interventions designed to target anxiety are CBT based approaches (Cohen, Mannarino, Deblinger, 2012). Pedro Garcia Pedro, a 19-year-old identified male, was referred by his county clinician after developing symptoms of agoraphobia. Approximately 3 months ago, Pedros panic attacks increased from his normal frequency which resulted in an inability to work, inability to continue college and impaired his interpersonal relationships. Pedro received and ACE score of 9. Biological Despite the various physical examinations, Sebastians anxious symptoms are not linked to a physical illness. Pedro is physically healthy emerging adult with no history of illness aside from the occasional flu.

Video Game Addiction Is A Modern Day Psychological Disorder

I’m glad that my childhood was spent bruising the football with a kick or smashing the tennis ball with a hit rather than virtually engaged in bloodshed .Sometimes it occurs to me that now-a-days if a mother ask her son to play outside , he would probably carry his laptop out there and play games therein. Yes, one would readily agree to the current scenario of increasing teenagers falling into the prey of gaming addiction. Sometimes I ponder if the same excitement, the same joy is inherited by their minds on slitting his virtual enemy’s throat, which we derived by scoring a goal or hitting a six in midst of the heat of the game. Video games are a common entertainment tool among today’s children. Gaming has grown into a lucrative industry that attracts billions of children and adults seeking for the thrill and action that comes with playing a game either online, on a handheld device or on the television. Video game addiction is a modern-day psychological disorder that is becoming more and more popular and thus more and more a problem. Video games addiction is increasingly taking toll over young people, teens, young adults and even older adults and as a result individuals is suffering from want for important priorities such as caring for themselves, performing school or homework or socializing with others. Some studies suggest that gaming is absolutely taking over the minds of children all together. Gaming can turn into an addiction when it turns out to be an individual’sShow MoreRelatedVideo Game Reduces Social Anxiety901 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Game Reduces Social Anxiety Whether it is in a real world or cyber space, meeting people seems to be an almost inevitable part of modern daily life. Meeting or interacting with new people can be stressful. 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It’s only natural that people would become more and more immersed in them, and Many gamers will claim that videogames are not addictive, and evenRead MoreThe Long Term Trajectory Of Problem Gaming Symptoms Among Adult Regular Video Gamers1511 Words   |  7 PagesAn epidemic is beginning to sweep this nation. In this modern society, a majority of children, teens, and some adults are showing signs of what some experts refer to as video game addiction. Many professionals have differing opinions on the addictive nature of video games, but it does not take an expert to see that children are no longer playing outside, toddlers have learned how to operate pieces of technology that are challenging to some adults and cry when they are taken away from them, and someRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children873 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Video Games My friend, 33-year-old from Mumbai city was addicted to online 3D fantasy-themed role-playing game. He sacrificed everything so he could play for hours, ignoring his family, quitting his job and losing himself in a 3-D virtual world where more than 100,000 people worldwide adventure in a never-ending fantasy. On Diwali morning few years back, he hung himself to death at his apartment. His mother blames the game for her son s suicide. She is angry that the company, which ownsRead MoreEssay on Media Addiction1228 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Screen Addiction Definitional Argument Essay When most people think of addiction, they think of crack heads and alcoholics. Although those are the most common types of addiction, there are also more unusual things. Addiction is a psychological and bodily dependence on a substance or practice which is beyond voluntary control. In a sense, every person has a form of addiction. Weather to caffeine, or food, or cleaning, they are all small kinds of addiction. 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Even though computer games are common in our life, they have not only good effects, but also bad effects, especially to teenagers. Moreover, even though parents know that teenagers play computer games too muchRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 PagesThe process of animation can be defined as a series of drawings, photographs, or images constructed in a computer program in order to form a scene or action, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Teenagers1776 Words   |  8 PagesProfessor Anna C. Morrison English 100 14 May 2017 Negative Effects of Video Games on Teenagers I. Introduction a. Hook: Video games have developed with electronic technologies in this century and have been welcomed by the general public including children and teenagers. Today 97 percent of teenagers in the United States play video games every day as they want to relax and sales of games are growing. b. Thesis: Although video games are used for entertainment purposes, they have had many negative effectsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Society2274 Words   |  10 Pages Video Games often receive a lot of bad press; this is because they are so easy to blame for the wrong doings by many individuals; but do video games really negatively impact society? The rapid development of computer games is having a massive impact on society; the effects can be seen as both positive and negative; one thing is certain- that the impact is greatly increasing as gaming technology improves and games get more immersive/realistic. Parental Concerns: The realism of these games are

Donna Lewis - Now In A Minute free essay sample

Donna Lewis album, Now in a Minute, will be enjoyed by all music lovers, no matter what music they listen to. Many have heard her songs and dont even realize it. Her debut song is I Love You (Always Forever). Her songs create relaxation after a long and trying day. Her song, Fall in the Snow, makes a person think. It is mainly about being isolated and how being in freezing snow could never be as bad as silence. For those who dont like offensive language, this compact disc will not be a problem. Donna Lewis does not use any profanity or vulgar phrases that would cause a devaluation of opinions for her and her music. None of her songs are just words jumbled together. Donnas songs all have a story and a theme behind them, unlike other great artists of today. Lewis songs are beautiful for a few reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Donna Lewis Now In A Minute or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first is her perfect voice, especially the way she hits the high notes. She always knows the exact time to hit the high and low notes. Her lyrics are touching, especially in the song Icing, which is about how her loved one has gone to heaven. It states, If I could open the heavens above, Id be with you and hold you in my arms and Id tell you that I love you. I think she has a love for song and melody unlike any other. Anyone who enjoys a calm melody to soothe the nerves should definitely listen to this album. I would rate it a 3.9 and acceptable for all ages.

Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education Essay Example

Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education Essay In every reading lesson, there are various ways in which a teacher measures the level of comprehension. Some of the guidelines used in measurement are automaticity and fluency. Automaticity is the way in which a learner develops the unconscious speed after being fluent. In this process, he is able to understand more, other than focusing on reading of vocabulary only. This paper will discuss the two concepts with a clear description of a theoretical analysis on automaticity. There are very many reasons why the two concepts are measured, which will also be brought out clearly in the essay. Additionally, the importance of fluency and automaticity is also revealed. It is therefore very necessary for teachers and students to understand that the two concepts are very beneficial for every learner so that they can comprehend more difficult work as they progress in learning. Otherwise, there would be a lot of problems in relation to learning as they progress to higher grades, and even at the college level, since they lacked proper orientation and foundation. Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education Introduction In any classroom context, especially for young learners, it is necessary for the teacher to ensure that all the students develop the skills of fluency and automacity in all subjects. The academic performance of a child will only be good if the child has good skills in reading. Therefore, the teachers are always keen on measuring the level of fluency and automacity in the children they teach using various methods. This research paper seeks to discuss why fluency and automacity should be measured. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Automacity and fluency The words automacity and fluency are intertwined. However, they are defined differently. Automacity is a process which is defined asâ€Å"quick, correct and effortless word recognition at the single word level. It is also defined as the ability to perform a task without significant demands on attention† (Philips, 2008). Automaticity comes form the word automotize, which basically means ‘automatic or unconsciously† (Miguel, 2008). On the other hand, fluency, or fluent reading is a process which is described as â€Å"the link between decoding and comprehension† (Morrow, Rueda, Lapp Gordon, 2009). It is a process which gives all learners the ability to move from monotonous and difficult reading to a kind of reading described as expressive and smooth. It is also defined as an automatic and accurate way of recognizing words, in addition to the proper use of prosody (Morrow, Rueda, Lapp Gordon, 2009). Fluency and automaticity are very important elements in all subjects. In language, there are several important skills, which include reading, writing, listening and speaking. The most important skill, which is in fact the opener to the other three, is reading. Since a student is required to know how to read in order to interpret comprehensions and understand all the other subjects, it is important for the teachers to emphasize on the skill. The recognition of the automatic word enables the reader to be attentive to all written texts. As a student begins to read, there is so much attention which is put on the exercise. With time, the ability of the learner in reading becomes automatic, and as a result, his or her attention lessens. This is described as â€Å"freeing up of cognitive resources for the construction of meaning† (Morrow, Rueda, Lapp Gordon, 2009). According to NIFL (2007), learners at the beginning and intermediate level are generally slow readers, but they increase their reading speed as they advance. Non- native speakers of a certain language and adults in the literacy classes also have the same characteristics. The only way that the students can be helped to move from intentional, slow decoding to the word recognition level is through constant practice. Practice is very beneficial as it enables learners to have the wide exposure in printing (alphabetic), makes work easier for the learners and the students get to learn any form of written work whether phonologically, orthographically and morphologically presented (Morrow, Rueda, Lapp Gordon, 2009). All the same, development of automaticity is not the endpoint of the reading process. It is not the only way that measurement can take place. Once all reading cycles begin, there should be fluency developed, and the learners should also be shown how to apply the skills they have learnt. Additionally, the learners should also been made aware of the need to use the skills learnt and therefore should be encouraged in monitoring of the skills (Wifischer, Holmes Yang, 2007). Theoretical discussion on automaticity The automatist theorists state that attention is very vital in any form of automatic information processing. Attention consists of external and internal. Internal attention is abstract and cannot be observed directly. It has three major properties, selectivity, alertness and limited capacity (Philips, 2008).On the other hand, external attention is revealed by the attitude of the readers through all senses. This is discussed in a model referred to as the La Berge Samuel model. The theory suggests that if too much energy is spent on easy tasks like decoding, there will be very minimal energy for giving the comprehension. Additionally, meaning must be derived, as there must be printed words which are decoded. As reader becomes fluent, he or she requires very little attention so as to decode words. Therefore, they only require putting much focus on comprehension of the text (Philips, 2008). Reasons of measuring automaticity and fluency One of the reasons why the two concepts are measured is to ensure that the learners have the ability of reading words in all texts so that all the readers can direct all their few cognitive resources from just recognizing words, and use them also in reading and understanding of all comprehensions. Word recognition is measured initially through prosodic or expressive reading, which is commonly known ad the melodic reading. In this case, the learners try to make out the meaning of words through their voices. In silent reading, however, the meaning of all texts is also revealed by the manner in which the words are read, with phrasing, expression, different pace, stressing some words through making some dramatic pauses. In the long run, the learner develops fluency and automaticity (Rasinski Griffith, 2008). The other reason why automaticity and fluency is measured in learners is to model the students so that they can be braced to face the curriculum introduced to them in future. This begins by ensuring that the learners are fluent readers. So as to mould good fluency skills, the teacher first reads a text loudly in class as the learners follow. The teacher also asks them to follow the teachers’ voice, and even assigns some if the reading tasks to the parents so that they can assist their children at home. The teachers are also instrumental as he or she helps the learner to realize that learning is not only a matter of reading fast, but reading expressively through listening to the teachers directions (Rasinski Griffith, 2008).The reading process of a learner who is not well oriented to the concept of fluency and automatization is characterized by halting, inappropriate expressions, oral speech problems and several decoding errors (Fink Samuels, 2008). It is also important to measure fluency and automaticity in learners because the teacher is able to identify any learner who could be having eyesight problems. Therefore, the learner with the eyesight problem can be referred to an eye specialist as early as possible. Children with eye problems tend to struggle so much when reading. According to Getz, (2008), using the ‘Snellen eye chart test’ is not a good way of testing any visual activity. Once it happens, the teachers and parents get a false notion that the child is fit for learning. However, it is through reading that the child is able to assess whether the child has got any form of visual interference. There would be maximum development of the child’s potential if at all the visual pathways of the child are interfered with. Brain-based research reveals all the neurological reasons why the development of automaticity is so vital in all learning processes. There are very many clinical trials in several computer-based interventions which reveal the real world classroom results. The studies have revealed that the brain is â€Å"a limited control processor that isn’t capable of efficiently managing both fixed knowledge processing and higher order reasoning at once† (Auto Skill, 2009). Therefore, by automatizing knowledge which is fixed, for example decoding of letters, the students can focus on a high level of reasoning and comprehension. When automaticity continues developing, the processes of the brain also continue advancing. There are also ninety percent reductions in the activities of the cortex (Auto Skill, 2009). Learners who have good mathematics skills could probably have been exposed to very good fluency and automaticity orientation. This is because they learn how to decide information at a faster rate compared to those who have problems in fluency and automaticity. Therefore According to Auto Skill, (2009), development of mathematics skills is also measured by the students laying necessary work so as to attain all their academic goals. The core of fluency is in the automaticity concept, and it is also meaningful in mathematics. According to Teacher to Teacher (2010), teachers provide a great deal of practice so as to make sure that there is computational fluency Automaticity is generally derived from over-learning. This is usually through the process of repeated drilling and practice. This has got very many implications in the classrooms of students who are learning English as a second language, and all other subjects. For effective fluency and automatization, the teacher is supposed to give information from the general to specific, known to unknown, simple to complex. This is what is referred to as bottom –up processing (Miguel, 2008). Conclusion From the discussion, fluency and automaticity are very important terms in education of the learners. Once fluency is developed through the help of a teacher, automaticity develops unconsciously. It is therefore very important for all teachers to ensure that their learners have good automaticity and fluent skills so that they can perform well in their class work. Otherwise, the learners will always have problems in learning. Learners who have problems should get the right assistance from their teachers. They should be referred to specialists if at all they have problems in their academics, so that the problems might not become worse in future. Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education Essay Example Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education Essay In every reading lesson, there are various ways in which a teacher measures the level of comprehension. Some of the guidelines used in measurement are automaticity and fluency. Automaticity is the way in which a learner develops the unconscious speed after being fluent. In this process, he is able to understand more, other than focusing on reading of vocabulary only. This paper will discuss the two concepts with a clear description of a theoretical analysis on automaticity. There are very many reasons why the two concepts are measured, which will also be brought out clearly in the essay. Additionally, the importance of fluency and automaticity is also revealed. It is therefore very necessary for teachers and students to understand that the two concepts are very beneficial for every learner so that they can comprehend more difficult work as they progress in learning. Otherwise, there would be a lot of problems in relation to learning as they progress to higher grades, and even at the college level, since they lacked proper orientation and foundation. Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education Introduction In any classroom context, especially for young learners, it is necessary for the teacher to ensure that all the students develop the skills of fluency and automacity in all subjects. The academic performance of a child will only be good if the child has good skills in reading. Therefore, the teachers are always keen on measuring the level of fluency and automacity in the children they teach using various methods. This research paper seeks to discuss why fluency and automacity should be measured. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Automacity and Fluency is measured in education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Automacity and fluency The words automacity and fluency are intertwined. However, they are defined differently. Automacity is a process which is defined asâ€Å"quick, correct and effortless word recognition at the single word level. It is also defined as the ability to perform a task without significant demands on attention† (Philips, 2008). Automaticity comes form the word automotize, which basically means ‘automatic or unconsciously† (Miguel, 2008). On the other hand, fluency, or fluent reading is a process which is described as â€Å"the link between decoding and comprehension† (Morrow, Rueda, Lapp Gordon, 2009). It is a process which gives all learners the ability to move from monotonous and difficult reading to a kind of reading described as expressive and smooth. It is also defined as an automatic and accurate way of recognizing words, in addition to the proper use of prosody (Morrow, Rueda, Lapp Gordon, 2009). Fluency and automaticity are very important elements in all subjects. In language, there are several important skills, which include reading, writing, listening and speaking. The most important skill, which is in fact the opener to the other three, is reading. Since a student is required to know how to read in order to interpret comprehensions and understand all the other subjects, it is important for the teachers to emphasize on the skill. The recognition of the automatic word enables the reader to be attentive to all written texts. As a student begins to read, there is so much attention which is put on the exercise. With time, the ability of the learner in reading becomes automatic, and as a result, his or her attention lessens. This is described as â€Å"freeing up of cognitive resources for the construction of meaning† (Morrow, Rueda, Lapp Gordon, 2009). According to NIFL (2007), learners at the beginning and intermediate level are generally slow readers, but they increase their reading speed as they advance. Non- native speakers of a certain language and adults in the literacy classes also have the same characteristics. The only way that the students can be helped to move from intentional, slow decoding to the word recognition level is through constant practice. Practice is very beneficial as it enables learners to have the wide exposure in printing (alphabetic), makes work easier for the learners and the students get to learn any form of written work whether phonologically, orthographically and morphologically presented (Morrow, Rueda, Lapp Gordon, 2009). All the same, development of automaticity is not the endpoint of the reading process. It is not the only way that measurement can take place. Once all reading cycles begin, there should be fluency developed, and the learners should also be shown how to apply the skills they have learnt. Additionally, the learners should also been made aware of the need to use the skills learnt and therefore should be encouraged in monitoring of the skills (Wifischer, Holmes Yang, 2007). Theoretical discussion on automaticity The automatist theorists state that attention is very vital in any form of automatic information processing. Attention consists of external and internal. Internal attention is abstract and cannot be observed directly. It has three major properties, selectivity, alertness and limited capacity (Philips, 2008).On the other hand, external attention is revealed by the attitude of the readers through all senses. This is discussed in a model referred to as the La Berge Samuel model. The theory suggests that if too much energy is spent on easy tasks like decoding, there will be very minimal energy for giving the comprehension. Additionally, meaning must be derived, as there must be printed words which are decoded. As reader becomes fluent, he or she requires very little attention so as to decode words. Therefore, they only require putting much focus on comprehension of the text (Philips, 2008). Reasons of measuring automaticity and fluency One of the reasons why the two concepts are measured is to ensure that the learners have the ability of reading words in all texts so that all the readers can direct all their few cognitive resources from just recognizing words, and use them also in reading and understanding of all comprehensions. Word recognition is measured initially through prosodic or expressive reading, which is commonly known ad the melodic reading. In this case, the learners try to make out the meaning of words through their voices. In silent reading, however, the meaning of all texts is also revealed by the manner in which the words are read, with phrasing, expression, different pace, stressing some words through making some dramatic pauses. In the long run, the learner develops fluency and automaticity (Rasinski Griffith, 2008). The other reason why automaticity and fluency is measured in learners is to model the students so that they can be braced to face the curriculum introduced to them in future. This begins by ensuring that the learners are fluent readers. So as to mould good fluency skills, the teacher first reads a text loudly in class as the learners follow. The teacher also asks them to follow the teachers’ voice, and even assigns some if the reading tasks to the parents so that they can assist their children at home. The teachers are also instrumental as he or she helps the learner to realize that learning is not only a matter of reading fast, but reading expressively through listening to the teachers directions (Rasinski Griffith, 2008).The reading process of a learner who is not well oriented to the concept of fluency and automatization is characterized by halting, inappropriate expressions, oral speech problems and several decoding errors (Fink Samuels, 2008). It is also important to measure fluency and automaticity in learners because the teacher is able to identify any learner who could be having eyesight problems. Therefore, the learner with the eyesight problem can be referred to an eye specialist as early as possible. Children with eye problems tend to struggle so much when reading. According to Getz, (2008), using the ‘Snellen eye chart test’ is not a good way of testing any visual activity. Once it happens, the teachers and parents get a false notion that the child is fit for learning. However, it is through reading that the child is able to assess whether the child has got any form of visual interference. There would be maximum development of the child’s potential if at all the visual pathways of the child are interfered with. Brain-based research reveals all the neurological reasons why the development of automaticity is so vital in all learning processes. There are very many clinical trials in several computer-based interventions which reveal the real world classroom results. The studies have revealed that the brain is â€Å"a limited control processor that isn’t capable of efficiently managing both fixed knowledge processing and higher order reasoning at once† (Auto Skill, 2009). Therefore, by automatizing knowledge which is fixed, for example decoding of letters, the students can focus on a high level of reasoning and comprehension. When automaticity continues developing, the processes of the brain also continue advancing. There are also ninety percent reductions in the activities of the cortex (Auto Skill, 2009). Learners who have good mathematics skills could probably have been exposed to very good fluency and automaticity orientation. This is because they learn how to decide information at a faster rate compared to those who have problems in fluency and automaticity. Therefore According to Auto Skill, (2009), development of mathematics skills is also measured by the students laying necessary work so as to attain all their academic goals. The core of fluency is in the automaticity concept, and it is also meaningful in mathematics. According to Teacher to Teacher (2010), teachers provide a great deal of practice so as to make sure that there is computational fluency Automaticity is generally derived from over-learning. This is usually through the process of repeated drilling and practice. This has got very many implications in the classrooms of students who are learning English as a second language, and all other subjects. For effective fluency and automatization, the teacher is supposed to give information from the general to specific, known to unknown, simple to complex. This is what is referred to as bottom –up processing (Miguel, 2008). Conclusion From the discussion, fluency and automaticity are very important terms in education of the learners. Once fluency is developed through the help of a teacher, automaticity develops unconsciously. It is therefore very important for all teachers to ensure that their learners have good automaticity and fluent skills so that they can perform well in their class work. Otherwise, the learners will always have problems in learning. Learners who have problems should get the right assistance from their teachers. They should be referred to specialists if at all they have problems in their academics, so that the problems might not become worse in future.

Play Report On A Look Back In Anger Essays - English-language Films

Play Report On A Look Back In Anger The play, A Look Back in Anger, by John Osborne brings the notion of the angry man gone mad to the surface. But what does this play teach us? Or, does this play teach us anything? At the end of this paper it will be evident that this play does teach us something, and that is how some people, as individuals, have their own ways of thinking, and reacting, which are considerably different from the social norms. Of course the character we will be analyzing is Jimmy. There are 3 stimuli that correspond to radical reactions by Jimmy. The first stimulus is love; Jimmy has ways of expressing his love to the women of his life that are different than the rest of society's. The second stimulus is the natural aggression towards threats, and most of these threats are small, that Jimmy expresses with Cliff, and also in Allison's mother, in particular. The final trigger to Jimmy's radical way of reacting is that of death. It seems to be an image that haunts him throughout the play and he only brings it to the surface after the halfway point. This, last, stimuli can be regarded as an explanation to his radical ways, that give him the image of the angry man. However, there is one over-ruling thesis that covers all three stimuli that is the basis of Jimmy's radical behavior, and that is of women in general; Jimmy, as will be demonstrated in each section, is very insecure with the opposite sex, whether it is will girlfriends, wives, or landlords. On the topic of love, Jimmy has demonstrated his difficulty to conform to the social norms, in terms of being a gentleman towards women, especially his own wife, Allison. The first major indication of this problem was when Allison and him were showing their first mutual signs of affection, but they were required to result to role playing to fulfill their show of love. Jimmy: You're very beautiful. A beautiful, great-eyed squirrel?How I envy you. Allison: Well, you're a jolly super bear, too. A really soooooooooooper, marvelous bear. Jimmy: Bears and Squirrels are marvelous Jimmy and Allison have proven that they must put on disguises to show their affection. Allison as a Squirrels, and Jimmy as a bear also demonstrates the way their perceive each other. A squirrel is small, weak, and helpless, as is contrary to a bear, that has the image of a vicious and barbaric animal. In this point of view, Osborne is showing us an analogy of how he perceives their relationship. Bears and squirrels don't really get along, mainly because they compete for the same food. In the play we see how Allison and Jimmy are incompatible, and when they speak of how bears and squirrels are marvelous, it just proves to show that they are blind to the fact that they don't belong together. However, it must be made clear that this is not due to Allison that they lock horns often, but it at Jimmy's fault; he is seen as the instigator to every conflict in this play. Not only in terms of love, but also in regarding women altogether, Jimmy sees women as the enemy. Jimmy has attacked every woman in this play, physically or verbally, except for one, and that was Hugh's mother who has dying. (this issue will be addressed in the last portion of this essay). First, we will look at the situation with Helena; as first it is evident that they hate each other, but then they kiss and become lovers. This is not only unusual, but shows the instability and unpredictability of Jimmy's actions. The issue is that he sees Helena as an enemy that is trying to convince Allison to leave him; and Jimmy seems correct, because in fact, that is what happens in the end, but it's quite unpredictable. Jimmy shows his disgust towards Helena when he says to her: What are you plotting? This is implying that Helena is out to mess his life up, this then leads to a confrontation that almost gets violent. Helena: If you come nearer, I will slap your face. Jimmy: I hope you won't make the

Interview Self-Publishing Cookbooks

Interview Self-Publishing Cookbooks Self-Publishing Cookbooks: Interview with Marcy Goldman Last updated 07/06/2017â€Å"You have to have more passion than fear - or simply want to do it anyway - otherwise those two swear words ‘what if’ will stop you from even trying.†Although the self-publishing alternative becomes more valid and tempting every day, many traditionally-minded authors still fail to consider author publishers as their peers, and often disregard all independent publishing efforts as vanity publishing.Of course, more and more genre fiction authors are bridging the gap every day by becoming hybrids; but non-fiction genres such as cookbooks are still pretty much in the hands of traditional publishing, essentially due to the high production costs.In this thought-provoking interview, Marcy Goldman exposes her reasons for self-publishing her cookbooks and offers specific advice for cookbook authors. She shows that it can be done to the highest quality, and can become a truly liberating experience for an author.How to Self-Publish a Book: 7 Sim ple Steps to Success Read post Many successful indies recommend authors to â€Å"follow the steps of traditional publishing† when self-publishing. How important is having a good copyeditor for a cookbook? And a designer/formatter?It is absolutely crucial and there are more and more qualified, fair-priced skilled freelancers you can hire to assist you. You are also the creator and will be doing a ton of work to launch, market and distribute. It really pays to hire some production and editorial help. That said, even traditional cookbooks can be notably imperfect.The thing I like about many indie authors coming from a â€Å"mainstream† background is that they suddenly feel empowered to try new things. You’re now about to self-publish a book on tango, and have also published a poetry one, just because: â€Å"now, I can†. Do you think being liberated from traditional constraints is a good thing for indie writers?Yes, self-publishing is a good way of experimenting a bit without going too off course from your established platform, if you have one. It is still best to get consistent content out there and gain traction in the genre you’re known for or wish to establish yourself in. Second to that, just get your best content out there!Most authors necessarily plug away at what they’re known for or what they think will ‘sell’. They quickly learn not to pitch agents or traditional publishers with unproven ponies, so to speak. We all tend to try and fuse our passion writing what sells with what we also think ‘will sell’, but luckily, as a self-publisher, you don’t have to worry about that acquisitional ‘wall’. You can indulge more risky books on your bucket list and in so doing, energize yourself as well as find a whole new niche of readers, ultimately increasing your revenue.You can also see directly what the publishing process is like and learn more insights into how books get sold. So it’s not just about the writing, it’s about what production, distribution and marketing approaches might work better for you and your works. You’re free to explore all that.You write in your piece that: â€Å"There’s also a presumption (or fear) that without sufficient social media or a platform, books (even great ones) won’t get noticed†. Do you think that producing great content is enough? How big has the whole â€Å"discoverability† challenge been for you?Fortunately I have a platform, but no one, not even William Shakespeare, starts with a platform. This is an age-old question anyway, which was around way before the advent of self-publishing. All writers, aspiring authors think â€Å"If I do it, who will read it, who will buy it, who will find it?†This is not new. It is yet another version of a common sabotaging thought almost every creative person has at one time or another. You have to have more passion than fear - or simply want to do it anyway - o therwise those two swear words ‘what if’ will stop you from even trying.Do the doing, get it out there and then see what happens.How do you see the future of publishing? Do you feel like publishers have adapted to the new technologies, formats, and distribution channels?That is a tough question! I think some publishers have slowly adapted to the new technologies but traditional publishing is an old-school, slow-moving, methodical industry that is sluggish with pride and history. It does not easily turn on a dime. It’s possible that, given some self-publishing success stories, they might follow those trends and/or those authors to seek out new talent or see what readers respond to. Indie publishing is often a bit of ad hoc market research for them.They might also be inheriting a new breed of author coming from self-publishing and might have to appreciate that these authors are of a different ilk. That’s not a bad thing, it’s a realistic thing. Confid ent creators, versus grateful or humble ones (all talents being equal), might be awesome authors to deal with. You might see some landmark works come out of this new breed.Do you think that the self-publishing alternative is taken seriously by the traditional actors (publishers, agents) or still widely seen as vanity publishing?I think indie publishing isn’t taken as seriously as it might be, which is a pity if you look at some of the ‘unknown’ but wholly successful authors out there. Having said that, it’s not as disdained or dismissed as it used to be. It is becoming legitimized as we recognize that there are huge shifts going on. Nothing is ‘as it was’†¦Beyond that, I think all publishers (indie or traditional) recognize that eBooks do well, however they recognize that eBooks often sell for very little, and in small quantities, making it difficult for many authors to thrive. To that end, I suggest writing shorter books, before putting an opus out as an eBook or putting something out in print and see what happens. Experiment.Follow Marcy and Reedsy  on Twitter: @MarcyGoldman  and @ReedsyHQWould you agree that self-publishing is still widely disregarded as a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"lesser alternative† by many authors? If you have experience of both worlds, did you find self-publishing liberating? Leave us your thoughts in the comments below!

Culture Serves as Informal Structure in Organizations - Organisational Research Paper

Culture Serves as Informal Structure in Organizations - Organisational Behavior - Research Paper Example Organizations both small and large multinational conglomerates can achieve high profits in their business by matching their needs with the structure they employ in operation. There are various forms of organizational structures and they include function, matrix and division structures. In a functional structure, an organization is set up in order to group every portion of the organization according to its purpose and this structure works well for small businesses where each department relies on the talent and knowledge of workers and support. Nevertheless, the main drawback for the structure is that coordination and communication-linking departments are restricted by organizational boundaries that have various departments working separately. Divisional structure is employed in large organizations that work in large geographic location or in organizations that have different small organizations in the same company to take care of different forms of products or even market areas. The s tructure is beneficial in that it enables needs to be met rapidly although communication is inhibited since employees are in various divisions thus not working together; besides, the structure is costly owing to its size and scope. The matrix structure is a hybrid of both functional and divisional structures and is often employed by multinational companies since it allows the benefits of functional and divisional structures to exist in a single organization. Nevertheless, the structures create a potential for power struggles since many areas of the organization have dual management like a functional manager as well as a product or divisional manager working in the same stage and covering same managerial territory (Singh, 2010).